Why is dextrose typically not used as a preferred solution during surgery?

Dextrose is not preferred during surgery largely because it metabolizes too quickly in the body, resulting in a solution that can become too dilute. When dextrose is administered, the body rapidly utilizes the sugar for energy, which may lead to fluctuations in blood glucose levels. This quick metabolism means that the solutions intended for hydration and electrolyte balance do not remain effective for maintaining consistent osmotic pressure and volume in the patient's circulation. Maintaining stable hemodynamics is crucial during surgery, and solutions that are quickly metabolized do not provide the necessary long-term support needed during procedures.

Furthermore, in a surgical context, it is vital to provide fluids that help maintain proper circulation and volume status, which is compromised when using dextrose solutions due to their rapid metabolic clearance.