Which system slows the heart rate and stimulates salivary gland secretion?

The parasympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for promoting a state of rest and relaxation in the body. It functions to slow the heart rate, which is crucial in conserving energy and promoting a restful state. This system works in opposition to the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, where heart rate increases to prepare the body for action.

In addition to regulating heart rate, the parasympathetic nervous system also stimulates salivary gland secretion. This is part of the body's digestive process, facilitating the breakdown of food and enhancing the sense of taste. The activation of salivary glands increases the production of saliva, which is essential for chewing and swallowing.

The somatic nervous system primarily governs voluntary movements and sensory information, while the central nervous system processes information and coordinates responses. The sympathetic nervous system, as mentioned, activates the body's stress responses, which include increasing heart rate and decreasing digestive processes, including saliva production. Therefore, the role of stimulating salivary gland secretion and slowing the heart rate is distinctly associated with the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system.