Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Regular exercise is not a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; in fact, it is generally considered a protective factor. Engaging in regular physical activity contributes to overall cardiovascular health. It helps improve heart function, lowers blood pressure, enhances blood cholesterol levels by increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) — the "good" cholesterol — and aids in weight management, all of which contribute to a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

In contrast, hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels), obesity, and a family history of heart disease are established risk factors that can increase the likelihood of cardiovascular conditions. High cholesterol can lead to the development of atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in the arteries, which narrows them and can impede blood flow. Obesity typically contributes to hypertension and can lead to metabolic syndrome, both of which are significant risk factors for heart disease. Lastly, having a family history of heart disease indicates a genetic predisposition to cardiovascular issues, meaning individuals with such a background may be at a higher risk of experiencing heart disease themselves.