What physiological changes occurs during the "fight or flight" response?

During the "fight or flight" response, the body undergoes a series of physiological changes designed to prepare it for a rapid, intense reaction to perceived threats. The correct answer highlights increased heart rate and bronchodilation as key components of this response.

When faced with a stressful situation, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, leading to the release of stress hormones like adrenaline (epinephrine) and norepinephrine. This activation causes the heart rate to increase, which enhances blood flow to muscles and vital organs, allowing for improved physical performance.

Bronchodilation occurs when the airways in the lungs expand, facilitating increased oxygen intake. This increased oxygen delivery is vital for supporting heightened physical activity, preparing the body to either confront or flee from danger. The combination of these effects makes the body more efficient in responding to immediate challenges.

In contrast, the other options describe responses that are not characteristic of the fight or flight state. For example, decreased alertness and slowed respiration would be counterproductive in a stressful situation, as would lowered blood sugar levels and digestive activity, which are indeed suppressed during this response in favor of more critical functions. Improved immune response and relaxation also do not align with the fight or flight response, as the body focuses on mobilizing