What is a significant complication that can arise from venipuncture?

Compartment syndrome is a significant complication that can arise from venipuncture, particularly if the procedure is performed improperly or if there are underlying conditions that predispose the patient to this complication. Compartment syndrome occurs when there is increased pressure within a closed anatomical space, typically due to bleeding or swelling, which can restrict blood flow to the affected area and lead to tissue damage.

In the context of venipuncture, if the needle inadvertently punctures a blood vessel or if there is excessive hematoma formation at the puncture site, it can create localized swelling and increased intracompartmental pressure. This is more likely to occur in areas where the muscle compartments are tightly enclosed by fascia, such as in the forearm.

Other potential complications from venipuncture, such as hypovolemic shock, fever, and skin irritation, may occur but are generally less directly related to the act of venipuncture itself. Hypovolemic shock typically results from significant loss of blood volume, which is uncommon with venipuncture unless there are complications such as significant hemorrhage. Fever is usually associated with systemic infections rather than a result of venipuncture, and skin irritation may occur at the puncture site but is typically mild and