What condition is characterized by pressure buildup around muscles?

Compartment syndrome is characterized by increased pressure within a muscle compartment, which can lead to muscle and nerve damage. This condition often occurs after an injury or due to conditions that cause swelling, such as fractures, in which the enclosed space of the compartment is unable to expand. The resulting pressure can impede blood flow and result in ischemia, leading to severe pain, loss of function, and potential long-term complications if not treated promptly.

The condition's hallmark symptoms include severe pain that is disproportionate to the injury, a sensation of tightness, and sometimes sensory deficits or palpable muscle weakness. Diagnosis typically involves measuring intracompartmental pressures, and treatment may require surgical intervention to relieve the pressure, such as fasciotomy. Understanding compartment syndrome is crucial for recognizing potential acute surgical emergencies in patients.